What is the primary function of the placenta?

The primary function of the placenta is to provide nutrients and oxygen to the developing fetus while also removing waste products, making it a vital organ for fetal development. The placenta acts as a lifeline between the mother and the fetus, facilitating the exchange of essential substances through its intricate vascular system. Oxygen and nutrients from the mother's bloodstream pass through the placenta and into the fetal circulation, while carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products are transferred from the fetus to the mother for elimination. This dual role not only supports the growth and maturation of the fetus but also maintains a healthy environment for fetal development.

While secreting hormones is an important aspect of placental function, it is secondary to its role in nutrient and waste exchange. Similarly, cushioning the fetus and storing maternal blood supply are not primary functions of the placenta. The placenta's structure and blood flow are designed specifically for the critical task of maintaining the fetus's physiological needs throughout pregnancy.