What factors contribute to gestational diabetes?

Gestational diabetes is influenced by several key factors, and advanced maternal age, obesity, and a family history of diabetes are among the most significant contributors. As women age, particularly after 25 years, the risk of developing gestational diabetes increases due to hormonal changes and a natural decline in insulin sensitivity.

Obesity is another major risk factor, as excess body fat can lead to insulin resistance, making it more difficult for the body to manage glucose levels properly during pregnancy. Additionally, having a family history of diabetes suggests a genetic predisposition to developing insulin resistance or diabetes, further increasing the risk during pregnancy.

In contrast, the other options refer to factors that either do not directly relate to the development of gestational diabetes or are unrelated to the condition. Low birth weight and premature labor, while significant pregnancy outcomes, do not contribute to the onset of gestational diabetes. Increased physical activity and low sugar intake are generally protective factors that help in managing weight and glucose levels, thereby reducing the risk of gestational diabetes rather than contributing to it. Lastly, high blood pressure and uterine fibroids, while they can complicate pregnancy, are not direct risk factors for gestational diabetes.